La variabilidad espaciotemporal del paisaje sonoro urbano
Una comparación transcontinental entre Venecia (Italia) y Popayán (Colombia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34022021000300337Palabras clave:
paisaje sonoro, planeamiento urbano, cartografías sonoras, grabación biaural, ruido urbanoResumen
La provisión de paisajes sonoros sanos y equilibrados es uno de los retos más importantes que afrontan las ciudades del siglo XXI. Actualmente, los estudios relacionados a esta cuestión asumen un enfoque integral, que explora con detenimiento la interacción entre la ciudadanía y su entorno acústico más próximo. El presente trabajo examina el paisaje sonoro de los cascos históricos de Venecia (Italia) y Popayán (Colombia). En ese sentido, se realizaron cartografías del factor físico y factor perceptual del paisaje sonoro urbano, con el propósito de garantizar su eficaz evaluación. Los resultados demuestran patrones de comportamiento espaciotemporal diversos, con un grado de variabilidad que, en esencia, depende del entorno urbano construido. Por tanto, se concluye que el paisaje sonoro debe ser incorporado durante los procesos de planeamiento urbano, de modo que se preste especial atención al balance saludable entre la ecotopofonía y la antropofonía producida en el espacio público abierto de la ciudad. En efecto, este es un ámbito que puede contribuir a la conformación de experiencias sonoras altamente aceptadas por los habitantes urbanos. En suma, se recomienda ampliar la escala de evaluación en futuros estudios y profundizar en la comprensión de la ciudad y su paisaje sonoro resultante.
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